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The Institute for the Works of Religion ((イタリア語:Istituto per le Opere di Religione) – IOR), commonly known as the Vatican Bank, is a privately held institute situated exclusively on the sovereign territory of the Vatican City and run by a Board of Superintendence which reports to a Supervisory Commission of Cardinals and the Pope. The Bank Identifier Code of the Institute for the Works of Religion is IOPRVAVX. Since 9 July 2014, its president is Jean-Baptiste de Franssu. The IOR is regulated by the Vatican's financial supervisory body AIF (''Autorità di Informazione Finanziaria''). The institute was founded by papal decree of Pope Pius XII in June 1942. Its assets are not the property of the Holy See, and therefore it is outside the jurisdiction of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See.〔Pollard, 2005, p. 2〕〔The Annuario Pontificio lists it under neither "Holy See" nor "Vatican City State", placing it among charitable foundations. ''Annuario Pontificio'' 2012, pp. 1796-1803. (John Paul II Foundation for the Sahel ) from global-mechanism.org〕 In June 2012, the IOR gave a first presentation of its operations. In July 2013, the Institute launched its own website.〔(IOR launches website ), Vatican Radio, 31 July 2013〕 On 1 October 2013 it also published its first-ever annual report which has been available for download since then.〔IOR: (IOR Annual Report 2012 )〕〔(Vatican bank publishes first ever annual report ), BBC News, 1 October 2013〕〔Nicole Winfield: (Secretive Vatican bank takes step to transparency ), AP, 1 October 2013〕 On 24 June 2013, Pope Francis created a special investigative Pontifical Commission (CRIOR) to study IOR reform.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Vatican Radio )〕 On 7 April 2014, Pope Francis approved respective recommendations on the IOR's future which were jointly developed by the CRIOR and COSEA commissions and the IOR's management. "The IOR will continue to serve with prudence and provide specialized financial services to the Catholic Church worldwide", as the Vatican release stated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Communique: Holy Father approves recommendations on the future of the Ior )〕 On 7 April 2014, Pope Francis approved a proposal on the Institute's future, "reaffirming the importance of the IOR’s mission for the good of the Catholic Church, the Holy See and the Vatican City State".〔 On 25 May 2015, the IOR published its Annual Report for 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/vatican/2015/05/25/profits-jump-at-vatican-bank-amid-reform_ba8478b6-fa47-4136-9496-c8238667773e.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ior.va/content/dam/ior/documenti/ComunicatiStampaNotizie/2015/inglese/IOR_Press%20Release_Annual%20Report%202014_20150525.pdf )〕 == Origin and mission == The Istituto per le Opere di Religione (IOR) was founded on 27 June 1942 by Pope Pius XII. It absorbed the ''Amministrazione per le Opere di Religione'' (Administration of the Works of Religion), which had originated in the Commission for Works of Charity (''Commissione ad pias causas'') established by Pope Leo XIII on 11 February 1887.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chirografo con il quale viene data nuova configurazione all'Istituto per le Opere di Religione )〕〔''Annuario Pontificio'' 2012, p. 1908〕 The IOR is not a department of the Roman Curia, the central administrative structure of the Roman Catholic Church.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Roman Curia - Index )〕 Nor is it a central bank.〔This central banking function of the Vatican is regulated by the Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the Vatican City State, (Monetary Agreement between the European Union and the Vatican City State ) authorizing the use of the euro as the official currency of Vatican City. Implementation of that Agreement and oversight of the Vatican law against money laundering and financing of terrorism is in the hands of the Financial Information Authority established by Pope Benedict XVI on 30 December 2010. (Motu proprio for the prevention and countering of illegal activities in the area of financial dealings ), (Pope requires full transparency of transactions in the Vatican )〕 With the creation of the Secretariat for the Economy on 24 February 2014, the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See's role as the central bank of the Vatican was consolidated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New Coordination Structure For Economic And Administrative Affairs Of The Holy See And The Vatican State )〕 The purpose of the IOR is "to provide for the safekeeping and administration of movable and immovable property transferred or entrusted to it by physical or juridical persons and intended for works of religion or charity".〔〔 The Institute does not use deposits to lend money and does not issue securities for resale or other financial products.〔(Vatican bank launches website in effort to increase transparency ), Catholic Herald, 1 August 2013〕 The IOR's surplus is at the disposal of the Holy See, to which the Institute in 2012 made a contribution of €50 million.〔(Vatican Bank Discloses Annual Earnings Report for First Time ), Bloomberg, 1 October 2013〕 In 2014, the Vatican officially confirmed the IOR's mission as provider of "specialized financial services to the Catholic Church worldwide." Furthermore, it was affirmed by the Vatican that the "valuable services that can be offered by the Institute assist the Holy Father in his mission as universal pastor and also aid those institutions and individuals who collaborate with him in his ministry". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Institute for the Works of Religion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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